Common stock represents ownership in a company, not a direct asset or liability. Issuing common stock raises funds for a company without needing repayment like a loan. Common stock equity ...

If a bankruptcy were to occur, the debtors would be taking a big chunk ... is the difference between the value of the company's assets and liabilities, you'll first need both of those pieces ...

His argument is based on the premise that the main consideration in structuring sovereign asset and liability management is to avoid default. The issuance of only a single class of debt is necessary ...